2008职称英语考试卫生类复习指南:阅读理解
（发布时间： 2008-1-16 11:18:03 来自：环球职业教育在线）
A.如何做阅读理解题：
通过我们第一讲中的介绍大家应该了解了，在整套试卷中是词汇题外，其余6道都是和阅读有关的，因此阅读能力的强弱直接影响到大家的最后成绩，那么有什么比较好办法提高阅读能力吗？当然有，阅读能力的衡量标准分两个方面。1）对篇章的理解程度；2）阅读速度。全面提高阅读水平是个逐渐积累提高的过程，但是，一些必要的阅读技巧大有裨益。我们看到一段话，首先要找出主题句（在试卷的第三部分，概括大意完成句子的前4题即是考察此能力）。英文短文通常主题明确单一，正确理解主题对理解其他展开句起着关键作用。在阅读时，一定不要忽视短文的第一句。首句往往是文章的主题句（Topic Sentence），或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握该段落的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。有时第一句话虽不是主题句，但与主题密切相关，其作用常是为主题句作铺垫。这样的话，第二句极可能是主题句。采用归纳法写成的文章，会在结尾处点明主题句。因此，文章的首句、次句及尾句是一定要仔细读的。另外，频繁出现的词与主题密切相关，如果不懂，要查出来。但必要的词汇量还是很重要的。平时要阅读一定量难度适中的文章。通过阅读文章提高自己的阅读能力，对一些句子的理解能力，比如说一些长句的句子结构，还有提高考生的推断考力，在阅读判断和阅读理解题中，考察考生推断题是比较常见的题，希望考生在平时阅读文章过程中，不仅仅读懂句子字面的含义，能够从字面含义中推出字面下所隐含的作者或者说话人真实的意图是什么？这里提醒考生，练习阅读时要注意快速阅读，切勿遇到生词就查，应学会根据上下文先去猜词义，文章读完后，再把生词查出。如果每篇文章都通篇一句一字去看根本没时间看完，因而要求掌握比较好的语法知识，尤其是面对一个长句子，怎么理解一它是关键，首先抓住这句子核心的主干，因为主干的内容基本上反映句子的大意，其次看一下其他依附性的结构，比如不定式结构，分句结构，从句结构等等。英文中有句名言： Rome was not built in one day! 译成中文就是“冰冻三尺非一日之寒。”掌握这些阅读技巧更得需要大家日复一日地练习！我在这里仍预祝大家能快乐地学并有所收获！
B．阅读理解的出题类型：
1．主旨大意题：考查整篇文章的主题思想，或者某些段落的主题。提问方式主要有以下一些：
1. The main idea of this passage is ________.
2. This passage tells us__________.
3. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
4. The passage mainly discusses ___________.
5. What is the passage mainly about?
6. What is the best title of the passage?
2． 事实及细节题：考查支持和说明文章主旨的具体事实及细节，提问方式主要有以下几种：
1. Some people do sth. because ____________?
2. According to the passage, we can know that ___________.
3. What … ? Which … ? Who (Whom) … ? When (What time)…how…?
3．词汇或短语题：根据上下文，理解所指定的词汇或者短语的具体意义，提问方式如下：
1. The word “ … ” in line … in paragraph … refers to ______.
2. The expression … (lline …, paragraph … ) is closest in meaning to _________.
3. In line … the word “ … ” most probably means _________.
4．推理题：根据文章已有的信息或文章的含义进行归纳和总结；或推断文章的引申、暗示的含义；或推断出所节选段落的上文或下文；甚至推断作者是谁等。有以下提问方式：
1. What is implied in the sentence “ … ” ?
2. The passage implies (suggest) that _________.
3. It can be inferred (concluded) from the passage that _______.
4. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?
5. Which of the following conclusion could best be drawn from the passage?
6. We can learn from the passage that ________.
7. The paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss ______.
5．领会作者的观点、意图和态度。有以下提问方式：
1. The author's purpose of writing this passage is _________.
2. In this passage the author's attitude toward … could best be described as __________.
3. What is the author's attitude towards … ?
4. The author uses the example of … to show that ________.
C.2007年真题分析、讲解（第2， 3 篇）
Passage two: Good Table Manners
Manners play an important part in making a favorable impression at the dinner table. Here are some general rules:
Napkin(餐巾)use
The meal begins when the host unfolds his or her napkin. This is your signal to do the same, so place your napkin on your lap.（36） Unfold it completely if it is a small napkin, or in half, lengthwise(纵向地),if it is a large dinner napkin.
If you need to leave the table during the meal, place your napkin on your chair as a signal to your server that you will be returning. Once the meal is over, place your napkin neatly on the table to the right of your dinner plate. Do not refold it.
（37）Use a napkin only for your mouth. Never use it for your nose, face or forehead.
Use of utensils(餐具)
Start with the knife, fork or spoon furthest from your plate,(38) and work your way in, using one utensil for each course.
If soup is served, remember to spoon away from yourself. This helps stop the drips. Do not put the entire soupspoon in your mouth. Instead, fill a soup spoon about 75 per cent with soup, and sip(啜饮)it from the side noiselessly.
After finishing dinner, place the knife and fork parallel to one another across the plate with the knife a lade facing inward toward the plate.
Using your fingers
Here’s a list of finger foods: sandwiches, cookies, small fruits or berries with stems, French fries and potato chips, and hamburgers.（39）
Chew(咀嚼)with your mouth closed and don’t make noise; don’t talk with your mouth full.
Bread must be broken with your hands. It is never cut with a knife.
Don’t pick something out of your teeth. Instead, excuse yourself to the bathroom.
If possible, try not to cough at the table.
Do not put your elbows(肘)on the table. In France, it is essential to have both hands above the table at the same time.
Do not put bones or anything else on the table. Things that are not eaten should be put on your plate.(40)
36.Where is the napkin normally placed during the meal?
A. On your chair. B. On the table. C. On your lap. D. On your plate.
37.The napkin is used only for_______.
A. your forehead. B. your mouth. C. your nose. D. your face.
38.Which utensil is used first?
A. The knife. B. The fork. C. The spoon. D. The one farthest from the plate.
39.All of the following are finger foods except __________.
A. Soup. B. Sandwiches. C. Cookies. D. Hamburgers.
40.Which of the following shows good table manners?
A. Talking with your mouth full.
B. Putting bones on your plate.
C. Putting your elbows on the table.
D. Chewing with your month open.
